If you cannot use stored procedures, you can still use parameters, as shown in the following code example. Filtering input may also be helpful in protecting against SQL injection by removing escape characters.
However, because of the large number of characters that may pose problems, this is not a reliable defense. The following example searches for the character string delimiter. Note that if you are using a LIKE clause, wildcard characters still must be escaped:. You can use queries similar to the following to help you identify procedures that contain these statements. In each selected stored procedure, verify that all variables that are used in dynamic Transact-SQL are handled correctly.
Any dynamic Transact-SQL that is assigned to a variable will be truncated if it is larger than the buffer allocated for that variable. An attacker who is able to force statement truncation by passing unexpectedly long strings to a stored procedure can manipulate the result.
For example, the stored procedure that is created by the following script is vulnerable to injection enabled by truncation. By passing characters into a character buffer, an attacker can set a new password for sa without knowing the old password. The stored procedure that is created in the following example shows what can happen. Therefore, the following statement will set the passwords of all users to the value that was passed in the previous code. Otherwise, you can calculate the required buffer size as follows.
The following example shows this. When you are concatenating values of type sysname, you should use temporary variables large enough to hold the maximum characters per value. Otherwise, you can calculate the required buffer size as explained in the previous section. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Is this page helpful? Please rate your experience Yes No. Any additional feedback?
Submit and view feedback for This product This page. View all page feedback. Some common SQL injection examples include:. Consider a shopping application that displays products in different categories. When the user clicks on the Gifts category, their browser requests the URL:. This causes the application to make an SQL query to retrieve details of the relevant products from the database:. The application doesn't implement any defenses against SQL injection attacks, so an attacker can construct an attack like:.
The key thing here is that the double-dash sequence -- is a comment indicator in SQL, and means that the rest of the query is interpreted as a comment. This means that all products are displayed, including unreleased products. Going further, an attacker can cause the application to display all the products in any category, including categories that they don't know about:.
The modified query will return all items where either the category is Gifts, or 1 is equal to 1. Consider an application that lets users log in with a username and password.
If a user submits the username wiener and the password bluecheese , the application checks the credentials by performing the following SQL query:. If the query returns the details of a user, then the login is successful.
Otherwise, it is rejected. Here, an attacker can log in as any user without a password simply by using the SQL comment sequence -- to remove the password check from the WHERE clause of the query. For example, submitting the username administrator'-- and a blank password results in the following query:.
This query returns the user whose username is administrator and successfully logs the attacker in as that user. In cases where the results of an SQL query are returned within the application's responses, an attacker can leverage an SQL injection vulnerability to retrieve data from other tables within the database.
For example, if an application executes the following query containing the user input "Gifts":. This will cause the application to return all usernames and passwords along with the names and descriptions of products. Following initial identification of an SQL injection vulnerability, it is generally useful to obtain some information about the database itself.
This information can often pave the way for further exploitation. You can query the version details for the database. The way that this is done depends on the database type, so you can infer the database type from whichever technique works.
For example, on Oracle you can execute:. You can also determine what database tables exist, and which columns they contain. The master branch is a development branch. Choose a stable tag if you prefer. I recommend gitbash for executing the bash snippets on this page and cloning Pangolin. You can work from within their provided console or the fancy new Windows Terminal which is a huge improvement to the developer experience on Windows.
You have to be careful about what python version Pangolin has found and is attempting to link against. It will tell you during the cmake.. If python is found, the pypangolin module will be built with the default all target. On Windows, you're out of luck right now. Help appreciated! See Emscripten Compile for web below. Please visit Github Issues to view and report problems with Pangolin. Issues and pull requests should be raised against the master branch which contains the current development version.
Framebuffer with requested attributes not available: You're building against an old or unaccelerated OpenGL version. Either your graphics drivers are not correctly installed or you are on an unusual platform such as within Docker, in a VM, working over an X forwarding SSH session which has limited graphics acceleration.
There isn't much you can do about the latter except changing your setup e. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pypangolin': Did you install the wheel see the bash comment under build? Are you running using the same Python as Pangolin found during the cmake..
To contribute to Pangolin, I would appreciate pull requests against the master branch. If you raise an issue, please include your environment compiler, operating system, etc. Pangolin uses an extensible factory mechanism for modularising video drivers, windowing backends and console interpreters.
Concrete instances are instantiated from a particular factory using a URI string which identifies which factory to use and what parameters it should use.
As strings, URI's are a useful mechanism for providing and validating configuration from an end user. The VideoViewer tool takes these URI's directly in order to specify what images or video to load and show:. Notice that for video, some modules support chaining to construct a simple filter graph.
Windowing in Pangolin is also backed by a factory. Window modules currently include x11 , winapi , cocoa. To use Pangolin in your applications whilst being conciencious of chaning fonts, you can query how long fonts or text are with:. That's right, your Pangolin programs can run on the web, too!
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